Increasing melanoma incidence and survival trend changes with improved melanoma-specific survival between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden
Background
Melanoma- specific survival ( MSS) is heterogeneous between stages and largely depends on the T stage for localized primary disease. New systemic therapies for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MC) have been introduced since 2012 in Sweden.
Goals
To analyze the incidence and time trends of MSS between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden.
Methods
Prospectively collected, population-based, nationwide clinicopathological data on invasive metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MC) from the Swedish Melanoma Registry (SweMR) were analyzed to determine survival trends between 1990 and 2020 using survival curves. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratios.
Results
In total, 77,036 primary invasive CMs were diagnosed in 70,511 patients in Sweden between 1990 and 2020.
The 5-year melanoma- specific survival (MSS) was 88.9% (88.3-89.4) 1990-2000, 89.2% 2001-2010 and 93.0% (92.7-93.9) 2011- 2020.
The odds ratios of being diagnosed with nodular melanomas (vs. superficial spreading melanoma) decreased significantly by 20% (2001-2010) and 46% (2011-2020 vs. 1990-2000).
Overall, melanoma -specific survival (MSS) improved during both diagnosis periods (2001-2010 and 2011-2020) versus the 1990-2000 reference period among men and women, respectively (HR men, 2001-2010: 0. 89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96, HR men, 2011-2020: 0.62, 95% CI 0.56-0.67, HR women, 2001-2010: 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.91, HR women, 2011-2020: 0.62, 95% CI 0.56-0.70).
The risk of death from metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MC) was significantly lower in all age groups, for both men and women, in the most recent diagnosis period (2011-2020 vs. 1990-2000).
Conclusions
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